Saturday, January 22, 2011

Thermal Analysis for Architectural and Site Design


The leading global architectural firms rely on ThermoAnalytics to deliver analysis of highly energy efficient buildings and structures. Using our proprietary solar simulation technology, our research engineers compute the temperatures across buildings, surrounding terrains and landscapes, and internal spaces. The solar energy Solar architectural and engineering services.
incident on the building envelope and through windows is accurately computed based on global position, date, time and weather conditions over time. Solar thermal loading to walls, floors and reflected solar energy from terrains up through windows to ceilings is predicted with our software. The optimal orientation of buildings, overhang design, and window designs can be analyzed and cost-benefit analysis performed on exterior designs and insulation schemes.
Solar human comfort thermal analysis and site analysis
Solar and environmental thermal analysis as related to human thermal comfort

As energy costs rise, many architectural firms recognize the value of effective energy management in buildings but are unsure of how to reach state-of-the-art accuracy. From studies of wind canyons using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to transient thermal analysis with solar shadows and greenhouse effects, the energy management goals of your team can be achieved with support from our engineers.
Architectural thermal analysis services
Building site thermal analysis and solar loading services

We begin architecture projects importing/creating your CAD geometry and developing a high-quality mesh representation. Keeping in mind the goals of your team and possible difficulties unique to your system, we set up boundary conditions and perform the analysis. After a preliminary review of the results, we provide your team with a complete solution, detailed engineering report, and additional visualization tools, such as flow animations, 2D plots, and surface plots. Armed with an accurate prediction of your structure's unique thermal behavior, your engineers can make well-informed design decisions. ThermoAnalytics provides both system-level and building-level analysis. From a quick study of a window design to a full system analysis of an HVAC loading requirements, our experience and efficiency are leveraged to a cost-effective solution for your team.


By mastering a wide range of related technologies and software tools, ThermoAnalytics has defined state-of-the-art methods and delivered thermal simulations to leading architecture firms across the US. We provide comprehensive simulation planning, weather data extraction/analysis, and extremely accurate solar/thermal band radiation analysis. 
Even complex “in-situ” factors like solar energy reflected off one building through the windows of an adjacent structure are accurately predicted.
Below is a partial list of our customers related to architectural applications. 
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Contents
  • Keynote Lectures
  • Instabilities and Localization Under Thermomechanical Loading
  • Experimental Methods in Thermal Problems
  • Thermoelasticity
  • Thermopiezoelectricity
  • Anisotropic Thermomechanical Problems
  • Functionally Graded Materials and Structures
  • Thermally Induced Vibrations of Plates and Shells
  • Thermal Coating
  • Thermal Stresses in Fracture, Cracking and Fatigue
  • New Trends in Thermal Stresses and Related Topics
  • Thermoanelasticity
  • Thermal Buckling of Plates
  • Thermal Stresses
  • Time-Dependent Thermomechanical Effects and Related Implications
  • Thermal Analysis and Methods in Structures
  • Thermal Shock
  • Mechanical Behavior of Materials Structures at Elevated and Cryogenic Temperature
  • Thermal Problems in Engineering Systems
  • Aerothermoelasticity and Thermo-Fluid-Structure Interaction
  • Aerothermoelasticity and Vibration of Structures
  • Thermomagnetoelasticity
  • Thermal Stresses and Fatigue in Ceramics and Porous Material
  • Active/Passive Control in High Temperature Structures
  • Inverse and Optimization Methods for Thermal Problems
  • Thermoelastic Contact Problems
  • Analytical and Computational Methods in Thermal Problems
  • Lately Arrived Pap

    II. PUBLICATIONS

    A. Edited Books
    1.      L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, Thermal Stresses‘03, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, Vol. 1, 500 pages, 2003, ISBN 0-9721257-2-8.
    2.      L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, Thermal Stresses‘03, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, Vol. 2, 500 pages, 2003, ISBN 0-9721257-2-8.[1]
    B. Review Articles
    1.      L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, “Advances in the Linear/Nonlinear Control of Aeroelastic Structural Systems,” Acta Mechanica, Vol. 178, No. 3-4, August 4, 2005, pp. 147-186.
    C. Refereed Journal Publications (chronological order)[2],[3]
    1.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, G. CHIOCCHIA, “Aeroelastic Response of a 2-D Lifting Surfaces to Gust and Arbitrary Explosive Loading Signatures,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 1, January 2001, pp. 41-65.
    2.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, G. CHIOCCHIA, “Aeroelasticity of Two-Dimensional Lifting Surfaces Via Indicial Function Approach,” The Aeronautical Journal, March 2002, pp. 147-153.
    3.      Z. QIN, P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, “Aeroelastic Instability and Response of Advanced Aircraft Wings at Subsonic Flight Speeds,” Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 3, March 2002, pp. 195-208.
    4.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Aeroelastic Response and Flutter ofSwept Aircraft Wings,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 5, May 2002, pp. 801-812.
    5.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Aeroelastic Response of Nonlinear Wing Section by Functional Series Technique,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 5, May 2002, pp. 813-824.
    6.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, G. CHIOCCHIA, “Aeroelastic Response of a 2-D Airfoil in Compressible Flight Speed Regimes Exposed to Blast Loadings,”Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 4, June 2002, pp. 259-272.
    7.      L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, W.A. SILVA, “Supersonic/Hypersonic Flutter and Post-flutter of Geometrically Imperfect Circular Cylindrical Panels,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 39, No. 5, September – October 2002, pp.802-812. 
    8.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Flutter, Post-Flutter and Control of a Supersonic 2-D Lifting Surface,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 25, No. 5, September – October 2002, pp. 962-970.
    9.      L. LIBRESCU, G. CHIOCCHIA, P. MARZOCCA, “Implications of Cubic Physical / Aerodynamic Nonlinearities on the Character of the Flutter Instability Boundary,”International Journal of Nonlinear Mechanics, Vol. 38, March 2003, pp. 173-199.
    10.  Z. QIN, L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, “Aeroelasticity of Composite Aerovehicle Wings in Supersonic Flows,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 40, No. 2, March-April 2003, pp. 162-173.
    11.  P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Nonlinear Open-/Closed Loop Aeroelastic Analysis of Airfoils via Volterra Series,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 42, No. 4, April 2004, pp. 673-686.
    12.  L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, W.A. SILVA, “Linear/Nonlinear Supersonic Panel Flutter in a High-Temperature Field,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 41, No. 1, July – August 2004, pp. 918-924.
    13.  Y. YUAN, P. YU, L. LIBRESCU, and P. MARZOCCA, “Aeroelasticity of Time-Delayed Feedback Control of Two-Dimensional Supersonic Lifting Surfaces,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 27, No. 5, September – October 2004, pp. 795-803.
    14.  P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Time-Delay Effects on Linear/Nonlinear Feedback Control of Simple Aeroelastic Systems,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.28, No.1, January – February 2005, pp. 53-62.
    15.  L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, W.A. SILVA, “Aeroelasticity of 2-D lifting surfaces with time-delayed feedback control,” Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 20, No. 2, February 2005, pp. 197-215.
    16.  A.J. MICHALEK, P. MARZOCCA, J. MOOSBRUGGER, D. HASANYAN, “Effects of an In-Plane Axisymmetric Magnetic Field on the Vibration of a Thin Conductive Spinning Disk,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, 10R509, 2005, doi:10.1063/1.1855463, PACS: 85.70.Li, 85.70.Ay, 75.80, pp. 3.
    17.  L. LIBRESCU , S. NA, P. MARZOCCA, C. CHUNG, M.K. KWAK, “Active aeroelastic Control of 2-D Wing-Flap Systems Operating in an Incompressible Flowfield and Impacted by a Blast Pulse,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 283, 2005, pp. 685-706.
    18.  P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, D.H. KIM, I. LEE, S. SCHOBER “Generalized Transonic Unsteady Aerodynamics via Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Indicial Approach,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 43, No. 4, April 2005, pp.915-921.
    19.  D.-H. KIM, I. LEE. P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, S. SCHOBER “Nonlinear Aeroelastic Analysis of an Airfoil Using CFD-Based Indicial Approach,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 42, No.5, September–October 2005, pp. 1340-1344.
    20.  S. NA, L. LIBRESCU, M.-H. KIM, I.-J. JEONG, P. MARZOCCA, “Aeroelastic Response of Flapped Wing Systems Using Robust Estimation Control Methodology,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 29, No. 1, January-February, 2006, pp. 199-201.
    21.  A. BEHAL, P. MARZOCCA, V.M. RAO, A. GNANN, “Nonlinear Adaptive Control of an Aeroelastic 2-D Lifting Surface,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 29, No. 2, March-April 2006, pp. 382-390.
    22.  S. NA, L. LIBRESCU, M.-H. KIM, I.-J. JEONG, P. MARZOCCA, “Robust Aeroelastic Control of Flapped Wing Systems Using a Sliding Mode Observer," Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 10, No.  3, 2006, pp. 120–126.
    23.  A. BEHAL, V.M. RAO, P. MARZOCCA, M. KAMALUDEEN “Adaptive Control for a Nonlinear Wing Section with Multiple Flaps,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 29, No. 3, May-June 2006, pp. 744-748.
    24.  V.M. RAO, A. BEHAL, P. MARZOCCA, C. RUBILLO, “Adaptive Aeroelastic Vibration Suppression of a Supersonic Airfoil with Flap,” Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 4, May-June 2006, pp. 309-315.
    25.  O. SERESTA, M.M. ABDALLA, S.B. MULANIZ, P. MARZOCCA, “Stacking Sequence Design of Flat Composite Panel for Flutter and Thermal Buckling,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 44, No. 11, 2006, pp. 2726-2735.
    26.  C. RUBILLO, P. MARZOCCA, E. BOLLT, “Active Aeroelastic Control of Lifting Surfaces via Jet Reaction Limiter Control,” International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, Vol. 16, No. 9, 2006, 2559–2574.
    27.  M. BELUBEKYAN, K. GHAZARYAN, P. MARZOCCA, C. CORMIER, “Localized Bending Waves in a Rib-Reinforced Elastic Orthotropic Plate,” ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 74, No. 1, 2007, pp. 169-171.
    28.  S.S. NA, L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, G.C. YOON, C. RUBILLO, K. BONG, Robust aeroelastic control of two-dimensional supersonic flapped wing systems, Acta Mechanica, Springer, Wien, Vol. 192, No. 1-4 , 2007, pp. 37-47.
    29.  L.K. ABBAS, Q. CHEN, K. O’DONNELL, D. VALENTINE, P. MARZOCCA, Numerical studies of a non-linear aeroelastic system with plunging and pitching freeplays in supersonic/hypersonic regimes, Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2007, pp. 405-418.
    30.  P. YU, Z. CHEN, Z., L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, “Implications of time-delayed feedback control on limit cycle oscillation of a two-dimensional supersonic lifting surface,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 304, No. 3-5, 2007, pp. 974-986 
    31.  P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, D.-H.  KIM, I.  LEE, S. SCHOBER, “Development of an Indicial Function Approach for the Two-Dimensional Incompressible/Compressible Aerodynamic Load Modeling,” Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Part G, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 221, No. 3, 2007, pp. 453-463.
    32.  I. TUZCU, P. MARZOCCA, E. CESTINO, G. ROMEO, G. FRULLA, “Stability and Control of a High-Altitude, Long-Endurance UAV” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 30, No. 3, May-June 2007.
    33.  K.K. REDDY, J. CHEN, A. BEHAL, P. MARZOCCA, “Multi-Input/Multi-Output Adaptive Output Feedback Control Design for Aeroelastic Vibration Suppression,”Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 30, No. 4, July–August 2007, pp. 1040-1048.
    34.  M. HE, P. MARZOCCA, S. DHANIYALA, “A New High Performance Battery-Operated Electrometer,” Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, October 2007, pp. 105103-1-5.
    35.  M. BELUBEKYAN, K. GHAZARYAN, P. MARZOCCA, C. CORMIER, “Localized Magnetoelastic Bending Vibration of an Electroconductive Elastic Plate,” ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 74, No. 6, 2007, pp. 1071-1077.
    36.  L.K. ABBAS, Q. CHEN, P. MARZOCCA, A. MILANESE, “Non-linear Aeroelastic Investigations of Store(s)-Induced Limit Cycle Oscillations,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 222, No. 1, 2008, pp. 63-80.
    37.  J.M. NICHOLS, P. MARZOCCA, A. MILANESE, “On the Use of the Auto-Bispectral Density for Detecting Quadratic Nonlinearity in Structural Systems,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 312, No. 4-5, 2008, pp. 726-735.
    38.  L.K. ABBAS, Q. CHEN, P. MARZOCCA, K. O’DONNELL, D. VALENTINE, “Aeroelastic Behavior of the Lifting Surfaces with Free-Play and Aerodynamic Stiffness and Damping Nonlinearities,” International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, Accepted, (2008), In Press.
    39.  A. MILANESE, P. MARZOCCA, J.M. NICHOLS, M. SEAVER, S.T. TRICKEY, “Modeling and Detection of Joint Loosening Using Output Only Broad-Band Vibration Data,” Structural Health Monitoring, an International Journal, Accepted, (2008), In Press.
    40.  L.K ABBAS, Q. CHEN, P. MARZOCCA, Z. GÜRDAL, M. ABDALLA, “Active Aerothermoelastic Control of Hypersonic Double-Wedge Lifting Surface,” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, Accepted, (2008) In Press.
    41.  P. MARZOCCA, J.M. NICHOLS, M. SEAVER, S. TRICKEY, A. MILANESE, “Second Order Spectra for Quadratic Non-linear Systems by Volterra Functional Series: Analytical Description and Numerical Simulation,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Accepted, (2008), In Press.
    42.  K. LI, D. AIDUN, P. MARZOCCA, “Modelling of the mixed weld zone of dissimilar metals joint by functionally graded materials,” STEEL GRIPS Journal of Steel and Related Materials, Accepted, (2008), In Press.

    D. Book’s Chapters and Other Book’s Contributions
    1.      W.A. SILVA, P. BERAN, C. CESNIK, R.E. GUENDEL, A.J. KURDILA, R.J. PRAZENICA, L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, D. RAVEH, “Reduced-Order Modeling Research and Development at the NASA Langley Research Center” International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics 2001, Madrid (Spain) June 5-7, 2001, Edited by:  Alfasur, ISBN 84-931375-6-1.
    2.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Nonlinear Stability and Response of Lifting Surfaces Via Volterra Series,” Proceeding of the 20th ICTAM - IUTAM - 2000, August 27- September 2, Chicago, IL, Springer, 2001, Edited by: By A. Hassan, J.W. Phillips, 582 pp., ISBN 0792371569.
    3.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Consideration of a Flutter Prediction Methodology Using a Combined Analytical-Experimental Procedure,” Special Volume Recent Advances In Experimental Mechanics, In Honor of Isaac M. Daniel, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Hardbound, June 2002, 844 pp., Edited by: E.E. Gdoutos, ISBN: 1-4020-0683-7.
    4.      L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, W.A. SILVA “Linear/Nonlinear Aeroelastic Behavior of Thermally Damaged Flat Panels in a Supersonic Flow Field,'' Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Thermal Stresses and Related Topics, Blacksburg, VA, June 8-11, 2003, Vol. 2, WA-2-1-(1-4), 1000 pp., Edited by: L. Librescu, P. Marzocca, ISBN: 0-9721257-2-8.
    5.      P. MARZOCCA, L LIBRESCU, D.-H. KIM, I. LEE, G. COPPOTELLI, “Unified Analytical/CFD Approach of Linear/Nonlinear Aeroelastic Response and Flutter via Aerodynamic Indicial Function Concept,” IFASD 2005, International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics 2005, June 28 – July 1, 2005, Munich, Germany, DGLR-Bericht 2005-04, ISBN 3-932-182-43-X.
    6.      D. HASANYAN, P. MARZOCCA, S. HARUTYUNYAN, “Propagation of Gap Waves in Ferromagnetoelastic materials,” Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, Proceedings of The Third MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics,  Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, June 14-17, 2005. Edited by: K.-J. Bathe, ISBN: 0080444814.
    7.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, M. PEREIRA, “Flutter/Postflutter and Active Control of Thermally Degraded Supersonic Panels,” 6th International Congress of Thermal Stresses and Related Topics, TS2005, Vienna, Austria, 26-29 May 2005, Edited by: F. Ziegler, R. Heuer, C. Adam, pp. 1 - 4, ISBN: 3-901167-12.
    8.      G. BAGHDASARYAN, M. MIKILYAN, P. MARZOCCA, “Buckling of Ferromagnetic Cylindrical Shell Under the Action of Thermal and Magnetic Fields of Constant Electric Current,” 6th International Congress of Thermal Stresses and Related Topics, TS2005, Vienna, Austria, 26-29 May 2005, Edited by: F. Ziegler, R. Heuer, C. Adam, pp. 1 - 4, ISBN: 3-901167-12.
    9.      E. CROSBIE, T. CALDER, C. CHANG, P. MARZOCCA, Z. GÜRDAL, J. HOL, “Computational Aerodynamics and Experimental Investigations of an Inflatable Wing,”, The Eighth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, The Fifth International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology, XXVIII Computational Fluid Dynamics, 712 pp., Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, 12-15 September 2006, Civil-Comp Press, Edited by: B.H.V. Topping, G. Montero, R. Montenegro, ISBN: 1-905088-08-6.
    10.  K. LI, D. AIDUN, P. MARZOCCA, “Functionally graded material modeling of a thermally affected dissimilar metals joint,” 7th International Congress of Thermal Stresses and Related Topics, TS2007, Taipei, Taiwan, 4-7 June 2007, Edited by: C.K. Chao, C.Y. Lin pp. 1 - 4, ISBN: 978-986-00-9556-2.
    11.  L.K. ABBAS, Q. CHEN, P. MARZOCCA, Z. GÜRDAL, M. ABDALLA, “Non-linear aerothermoelastic modeling and behavior of a double-wedge lifting surface,” 7th International Congress of Thermal Stresses and Related Topics, TS2007, Taipei, Taiwan, 4-7 June 2007, Edited by: C.K. Chao, C.Y. Lin, pp. 1 - 4, ISBN:  978-986-00-9556-2.
    12.  K. GHAZARYAN, P. MARZOCCA, A. MILANESE, “Selected Vibration Problems of a Conductive Plate Exposed to a Magnetic Field” In the book “Problems of Mechanics of Deformable Solid Body” dedicated to the 85th anniversary of academician of NAS RA Sergey A. Ambartsumian, Yerevan, NAS, Armenia, 2007, pp. 118-127.
    E. Patents
    1.      Jet Reaction Torquer / Morphing Control: Application to Highly Flexible UAV Wings, Wind turbine concepts, Small Inflatable Unmanned-Air-Vehicle, (provisional patent: 60/556,529). Co-applicant: E. Bollt.
    2.      Energy Harvesting Device from Accelerated Air Flow near Bridges and other Civil Structures. Co-applicant: C. Cetinkaya.
    3.      In-place-Deployable Wind Barrier for a Group of Light Frame Buildings, Co-applicants: E.F. Thacher, J.S. Schrader.
    F. Conferences Proceedings[4]
    All conference proceedings and abstracts are peer-reviewed at national or international meetings
    1.      G. ROMEO, P. MARZOCCA, “Confronto Numerico-Sperimentale di Pannelli in Graphite-Epoxy con Aperture Rettangolari Soggette a Carichi Uniassiali, Biassiali e Taglio. Determinazione del Carico di Buckling – Numerical-Experimental Comparison of Graphite-Epoxy Panels with Rectangular Hole Under Uniaxial, Biaxial and Shear Loads. Determination of the Buckling Load,” Proceedings of the 25th Conference of MacNeak-Schwendler User's - 25a Conferenza degli Utenti MacNeal - Schwendler, Sez. 28, Torino, Italy, October 15-16, 1998, in Italian, summary in English. 
    2.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, “Aeroelasticity of Two-Dimensional Lifting Surfaces via Indicial Function Approach: Compressible Flight Speed Regime,” Virginia Journal of Science, Summer 2000, Vol. 51, No. 2.
    3.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Aerodynamic Indicial Functions and Their Use in Aeroelastic Formulation of Lifting Surfaces,” AIAA-2000-WIP, 41stAIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April 3-6, 2000, Atlanta, GA. 
    4.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, G. CHIOCCHIA, “Unsteady Aerodynamics in Various Flight Speed Regimes for Flutter/Dynamic Response Analyses,” AIAA-2000-4299,Proceeding of the 18th AIAA Applied Aerodynamic Conference, August 14-17, 2000, Denver, CO. 
    5.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Aeroelastic Response of Swept Aircraft Wings in a Compressible Flow Field,” AIAA-2001-0714, 39th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, January 8-11, 2001, Reno, NV.
    6.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Volterra Series Approach for Nonlinear Aeroelastic Response of 2-D Lifting Surfaces,” AIAA-2001-1459, 42nd AIAA/ASME/ ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April 16-19, 2001, Seattle, WA, Vol. 3, pp. 2047-2057.
    7.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, “Hopf-Bifurcation of Sectional Wing with Cubic Aerodynamic and Physical Nonlinearities,” Virginia Journal of Science, Summer 2001, Vol. 52, No. 2.
    8.      P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Aeroelastic Response of Aircraft Wings to Explosive Pressure Signatures in Subsonic/Supersonic Flow Field,” Seventh International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact, 27-29 May, 2002, Montreal, Canada, Accepted for publication in a Special Volume.
    9.      L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, W.A. SILVA, “Time Delay Feedback Aeroelastic Control of 2-D Lifting Surfaces,” IMECE-2002-32971, 5th International Symposium on Fluid-Structure Interaction, Aeroelasticity, Flow-Induced Vibration & Noise 2002 ASME Int’l Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, 17-22 November 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana.
    10.  L. LIBRESCU, S. NA, P. MARZOCCA, C.-H. CHUNG, M.K. KWAK, “Flutter Instability and Aeroelastic Response of Aircraft Wing Section with a Flap in an Incompressible Flow”, IMECE-2002-32983, 5th International Symposium on Fluid-Structure Interaction, Aeroelasticity, Flow-Induced Vibration & Noise 2002 ASME Int’l Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, 17-22 November 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana.
    11.  P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Supersonic Flutter and Post-Flutter Active Control of Cross-Sectional Aircraft Wings,” ICAS-2002-452, 23rd Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, ICAS, Sept. 8-13, 2002, Toronto, Canada.
    12.  P. MARZOCCA, W.A. SILVA, L. LIBRESCU, “Open/Closed-Loop Cross Sectional Nonlinear Wing Aeroelasticity via Volterra Series Approach,” AIAA-2002-1484, 43rdAIAA/ASME/ASCEASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April 22-25, 2002, Denver, CO.
    13.  Y. YUAN, P. YU, L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, “Analysis of a 2-D Supersonic Lifting Surface with Time Delayed Feedback Control,” AIAA-2003-1733, 44thAIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April 7-10, 2003, Norfolk, VA.
    14.  P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, D.-H. KIM, IN LEE, “Linear/Nonlinear Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling of 2-D Lifting Surfaces via a Combined CFD/Analytical Approach,” AIAA-2003-1925, 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April 7-10, 2003, Norfolk, VA.
    15.  P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, W.A. SILVA, “Nonlinear Time Delayed Feedback Control of Aeroelastic Systems: A Functional Approach,” AIAA-2003-1867, 44thAIAA/ASME/ ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April 7-10, 2003, Norfolk, VA.
    16.  L. LIBRESCU, S. NA, P. MARZOCCA, C. CHUNG, M.K. KWAK, “Active Aeroelastic Control of 2-D Wing-Flap Systems in an Incompressible Flowfield,” AIAA-2003-1414,44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April 7-10, 2003, Norfolk, VA.
    17.  L. LIBRESCU, S. NA, P. MARZOCCA, C.-H. CHUNG, I.-J. JEONG, “Active Aeroelastic Control of 2-D Wing-Flap Systems in a Compressible/Incompressible Flow Field and Exposed to Blast Pulses,” IMECE-2003-43392, 2003 ASME Int’l Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, 15-21 November 2003, Washington D.C.
    18.  L. LIBRESCU, and P. MARZOCCA, Y. YUAN, P. YU, “Supersonic Aeroelasticity of 2-D Lifting Surfaces With Time Delays in the Linear/Non-linear Control,” IMECE-2003-43700, 2003 ASME Int’l Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, 15-21 November 2003, Washington D.C.
    19.  P. YU, Y. YUAN, L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, “Single/Double Hopf Bifurcation and Aeroelastic Instability of a 2-D Supersonic Lifting Surface with Time Delayed Feedback Control,” AIAA-2004-1752, 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Palm Springs, California, 19-22 April 2004.
    20.  S. NA, L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, C.-H. CHUNG, “Aeroelastic Response of Flapped Wing System Using Robust Control Methodology,” AIAA-2004-1673, 45thAIAA/ASME/ ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Palm Springs, California, 19-22 April 2004.
    21.  D. KIM, I. LEE, P. MARZOCCA, L. LIBRESCU, “Linear/Nonlinear Aeroelastic Computation of 2- D Lifting Surfaces Using a Combined CFD/Analytical Approach,” AIAA-2004-1756, 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Palm Springs, California, 19-22 April 2004.
    22.  P. MARZOCCA, R. LAZZARO, L. LIBRESCU, “Flutter/Aeroelastic Response of Panels via a Combined Galerkin-Volterra Series Approach.” AIAA-2004-1855, 45thAIAA/ASME/ ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Palm Springs, California, 19-22 Apr 2004.
    23.  A. BEHAL, P. MARZOCCA, D.M. DAWSON, A. LONKAR, “Nonlinear Adaptive Model Free Control of an Aeroelastic 2-D Lifting Surface,” AIAA-2004-5227, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, Providence, Rhode Island, 16-19 Aug 2004.
    24.  P. MARZOCCA, A. BEHAL, A. GNANN, “Adaptive Control Based Structural Health Monitoring Technique,” CANSMART 2004, 7th CANSMART Meeting International Workshop on Smart Materials and Structures, October 21-22, 2004, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
    25.  D. HASANYAN, P. MARZOCCA, S. HARUTYUNYAN, “Gap Waves in Ferro-Magneto-Elastic Materials,” CANSMART 2004, 7th CANSMART Meeting International Workshop on Smart Materials and Structures, October 21-22, 2004, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
    26.  S. NA, C. PARK, M.-H. KIM, L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, I.-J. JEONG “Aeroelastic Response of Flapped Wing Systems Using Multiobjective State Feedback Methodology,” ICAST 2004, 15th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies, October 25-27 2004, Bar Harbor, Maine.
    27.  A.J. MICHALEK, P. MARZOCCA, J. MOOSBRUGGER, D. HASANYAN, “Effects of an In-Plane Axisymmetric Magnetic Field on the Vibration of a Thin Conductive Spinning Disk,” MMM 2004, 49th Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, November 7-11 2004, Jacksonville, Florida.
    28.  L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, M. PEREIRA “Flutter and Post-Flutter Control of Geometrically Nonlinear Panels Operating in a Supersonic/Hypersonic Flow Field,” Paper IMECE2004-61373: IMECE 2004, 2004 ASME Int’l Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Session: AMD-10 B Multi-field Coupling in Dynamic Systems and Control, 14-19 November 2004, Anaheim, CA, USA.
    29.  D.-H. KIM, P. MARZOCCA, I. LEE, L. LIBRESCU, “Efficient Nonlinear Aeroelastic Computation of 2-DOF Airfoil Using Combined CFD/Analytical Approach,” 2004 Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences Autumn Conference, 2004 KSAS, Seoul, South Korea, November 18-19, 2004.
    30.  S. NA, I. JEONG, L. LIBRESCU, P. MARZOCCA, “Aeroelastic Response and Control of an Airfoil in a Subsonic Compressible Flow,” AIAA-2005-1992, 46th AIAA/ASME/ ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Austin, Texas, 18-21 April 2005.
    31.  C. RUBILLO, P. MARZOCCA, E. BOLLT, “Active Aeroelastic Control of Lifting Surfaces via Jet Reaction Limiter Control,” AIAA-2005-2076, 46thAIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Austin, Texas, 18-21 April 2005.
    32.  G. COPPOTELLI, P. MARZOCCA, A. BEHAL, “Comparison Among Structural Health Monitoring Techniques,” AIAA-2005-2227, 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Austin, Texas, 18-21 April 2005.
    33.  A. MICHALEK, P. MARZOCCA, D. HASANYAN, J. MOOSBRUGGER, “Vibration and Critical Speed of Spinning Disks Under an In-Plane Axisymmetric Magnetic Field: Analytical Predictions and Experimental Verification,” AIAA-2005-2256, 46thAIAA/ASME/ASCE/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Austin, Texas, 18-21 April 2005
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    Friday, January 21, 2011

    HVAC Bogdan Boilers


    Boilers

    A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications. The energy given up by the steam is sufficient to convert it back into the form of water. When 100% of the steam produced is returned to be reused, the system is called a closed system. Examples of closed systems are closed steam heating, hot water heating, and "one-pipe" systems.
    Since some processes can contaminate the steam, so it is not always desirable to feed the condensate back into the boiler. A system that does not return the condensate is called an open system.
    The two main types of boilers are:
    • Firetube- the fire or hot gases are directed through theinsideof tubes within the boiler shell, which are surrounded by water. The tubes are arranged in banks so that the gases can be passed through the boiler up to 4 times before passing out the stack. This system exposes the maximum heat transfer surface to the water. Firetube boilers are also known as shell boilers and can produce up to approximately 750 hp or 25,000 lbs of steam per hour. 80% of boilers in use are of this configuration.
      Boilers Services Chicago
    • A subtype of this boiler is the packaged boiler, shipped complete with fuel burning equipment, mechanical draft equipment, automatic controls and accessories and is designed to function automatically with a very minimum of attention. It is particularly important to prevent scale formation in this type of boiler.
    • Watertube- the fire or hot gases are directed to and around the outsideof tubes containing water, arranged in a vertical position. Watertube boilers are usually rectangular in shape and have two or more drums. The separation of steam and water takes place in the top drum, while the bottom drum serves as a collection point for sludge. This system is usually used when more than 750 hp or several hundred thousand lbs of steam per hour, are needed.
      Boilers Services Chicago
    • There are other designs with special configurations, adapting them to par
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    Composite Boilers

    With diesel machinery the amount of heat carried away by the exhaust gases varies between 20 to 25 per cent of the total heat energy supplied to the engine. Recovery of some of this heat loss to the extent of 30 to 50 percent is possible by means of an exhaust gas boiler or water heater.

    The amount of heat recovered from the exhaust gases depends upon various factors, some of which are, Steam pressure, temperature, evaporative rate required, exhaust gas inlet temperature, mass flow of exhaust gas, condition of gas exchange surfaces, etc.    Composite boilers are often used in conjunction with Diesel machinery, since if the exhaust gas from the engine is low in temperature due to slow running of the engine and reduced power output; the pressure of the steam can be maintained by means of an oil fired furnace. Steam supply can also be maintained by these types of boilers when the engine is not in operation.Simple pass composite, i.e., one pass of the exhaust gases and two uptakes, one for the oil fired system and one for exhaust system. Double pass composite, i.e., two passes for the exhaust gases and two uptakes, one for the oil fired system and one for the exhaust system. Double pass exhaust gas, no oil fired furnace and a single uptake. Double pass alternatively fired, two passes from the furnace for either exhaust gases or oil fired system with one common uptake.

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    Illustration boilers



    boilers


     
    1. An enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated, either as hot water or as steam, for heating or power.
    2. A container, such as a kettle, for boiling liquids.
    3. A storage tank for hot water.
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    Electric Boilers


    AIS Technical Training School, which is an educational non-profit, is a provider of correspondence course to corporations, businesses, non-profits and government. 

    "As a proud student of this school, thank you and your staff for helping working persons continue their eduction and fore-feeling their career goals!"  Jack T, Facility Operating Engineer
    Highly recommended. This correspondence course will further your general understanding of high pressure boilers, in preparation for obtaining a boiler operators license. It is designed to explain the safe, efficient operation of high pressure boilers commonly practiced in today's workplace. This course consists of 12 lessons and students will be quizzed after each lesson. Many of these test questions are from actual state and city licensing boards. This course does not require access to a computer.
     
     
    The course outline is as follows:


    • Steam Boilers
      • Steam Boiler Types
      • Package Boilers
      • Field-Erected Boilers
      • Electric Boilers
      • ASME Code Standards
    • Steam Boilers and Fittings
      • Fittings
      • Accessories
    • Boiler Room Systems
      • Steam System
      • Feedwater System
      • Fuel Systems
      • Draft Systems
    • Steam and Water Accessories
      • Feedwater Heaters
      • Feedwater Pumps
      • Surge Tank
      • Condensate Tank and Pump Unit
      • Main Feedwater Line
      • Feedwater Regulators
      • Steam Traps
      • Desuperheating and Pressure-Reducing Station
    • Fuel Burning Equipment
      • Fuel Oil Burners
      • Gas Burners
      • Combination Gas/Fuel Oil Burners
      • Stokers (Coal Burners)
      • Utilizing Waste Heat
    • Draft
      • Measurement of Draft   
      • Natural Draft
      • Mechanical Draft
      • Air Heaters
      • Gas and Fuel Oil Draft System
      • Chain (Traveling) Grate Stoker Draft System
      • Pulverized Coal Draft System
      • Scrubber 
    • Combustion
      • Fuels For Combustion
      • Combustion of Fuels
    • Combustion Controls
      • Automatic Combustion Controls
      • Building/Plant Automation Systems
    • Instruments
      • Pressure Gauges
      • Temperature-Measuring Devices
      • Pneumercators
      • Flow Meters
      • Recorders
      • Smoke Indicators
    • Boiler Water Treatment
      • Boiler Water Conditions
      • Internal Boiler Water Treatment
      • External Boiler Water Treatment
      • Automatic Blowdown System
    • Steam Boiler Operation
      • Operator Duties and Responsibilities
      • Boiler Start-Up and Shut-Down Procedures
      • Boiler Inspection
      • Boiler Lay-up
      • Emergency Procedures in Boiler Operation
      • Routine Boiler Maintenance
      • Boiler Room Safety
    • Licensing
      • Boiler Operation Skills
      • Boiler Operator Licenses
      • Licensing Examination Questions
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